AI: A Tool That Could Dull Our Intelligence?

The Impact of Google on Our Memory

Studies have highlighted an intriguing phenomenon: constant access to tools like Google has profoundly changed the way we memorize information. This phenomenon, often referred to as the "Google effect," reveals that individuals tend to remember more about where to find information rather than the information itself. In 2011, researchers observed that our relationship with computing tools was becoming increasingly symbiotic, leading us to recall less about facts and more about how to retrieve them. This cognitive outsourcing raises concerns among some, who fear it may make us "stupid." Others, however, see Google as a powerful tool for democratizing access to information.

Generative AI and Its Effects on Our Brain

Concerns about the impact of generative AI on our brains are becoming more prevalent. Experts point out that our growing dependence on AI could weaken our mental persistence, reduce our creativity, and harm our critical thinking skills. Nataliya Kosmyna, a researcher at MIT, has published work demonstrating that individuals using AI to write essays achieved lower results over time compared to those using Google or working without assistance.

Comparison with Previous Technologies

AI may pose a greater risk to our brains than past technological innovations. Unlike a simple calculator, AI interacts with us and influences the way we think. If it becomes integrated into all aspects of our lives, it could permanently transform our thought processes. Historically, each new innovation has sparked fears about the degradation of our cognitive abilities. Socrates, for example, feared that writing would weaken memory, while others believed that the telegram would spell the end of poetry. Although these fears did not materialize catastrophically, gradual changes have been observed, such as a decline in poetry reading and a decrease in math skills among students.

The Impact of AI on Skills

AI represents a radical shift in how we approach learning and skill development. Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania studied the impact of AI-based math tutors on Turkish students. While these students showed improved performance, those who used a standard tool like ChatGPT performed worse once the AI was removed. A similar phenomenon has been observed with the use of GPS: the more people relied on it, the less effective their spatial memory became. A 2020 study showed that dependence on GPS led to a degradation of spatial memory.

Risks for Younger Generations

Younger generations, who may never have learned certain critical skills, risk seeing these skills atrophy. Michael Gerlich, director of a research center, emphasizes that if young people depend on AI to think for them, they may not develop their critical thinking. A 2026 study found that participants using an AI assistant to solve math problems were less likely to persevere in the face of difficulty. The results suggest that AI could make us less resilient.

Creativity in the Face of AI

Researchers at Georgetown University analyzed personal essays for college applications before and after the emergence of ChatGPT. They found that human-written essays contained more new ideas, while those assisted by AI used more unique language. Thus, AI may refine language but also dampen overall creativity. Experts agree that it is too early to draw definitive conclusions about the cumulative effects of AI on our brains. Most current studies are small and require longer, more in-depth research.

Conclusion

Experts recommend exercising caution regarding AI. It is essential to remain aware of cognitive effects and prioritize the skills we wish to retain. While AI can be useful, it may lead us to neglect the development of our creative and critical thinking.